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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Land imprinter ： ウィキペディア英語版 Land imprinter The land imprinter〔(''US Patent 4,195,695.'' ) (1980).〕 is a no-till device for establishing grass cover in arid environments and deserts (Figure 1). The imprinter consists of a metal roller, with steel angles welded to the surface in various configurations.〔Stevens, R. and Monsen, S. B. (2004). (Mechanical plant control ) in ''Restoring western ranges and wildlands, vol. 1.'' Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-136-vol-1, 65-88. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service: Fort Collins, CO.〕 The angled teeth of the imprinter cut through weeds and brush to form a mulch, while the teeth press seeds of grasses and other plants into the soil. The imprints remain stable for approximately two years.〔Doer, B. D., Army Corps of Engineers (1986). (Technical report EL-86-43: Land imprinters ) ''Section 8.2.7., US Army Corps of Engineers Wildlife Resources Management Manual,'' July 1986 Final Report, Department of the Army, US Army Corps of Engineers: Washington, DC.〕 During that time, imprints funnel water toward seedlings, protect them from wind, and concentrate nutrients for plant growth. == Desertification == Much of the world depends on grassland for the grazing of domestic livestock.〔Wrobel, M. L. and Redford, K. H. (2010). "Introduction: A review of rangeland conservation issues in an uncertain future," in ''Wild Rangelands: Conserving Wildlife While Maintaining Livestock in Semi-Arid Ecosystems'' (eds J. T. du Toit, R. Kock and J. C. Deutsch), John Wiley & Sons, Ltd: Chichester, UK.〕 But due to overgrazing, erosion, and other environmental factors, half of the world's rangeland is now lightly to moderately degraded, and 5% is severely degraded.〔Brown, L.R. (2008). ''Plan B 3.0: Mobilizing to Save Civilization''. W.W. Norton & Company, Inc.: New York.〕 Desertification is expanding and threatens one-third of the world's dry land.〔Montgomery, D.R. (2007). ''Dirt: The Erosion of Civilizations'', University of California Press: Berkeley and Los Angeles.〕 Plants and their root systems increase the quantity and size of macropores in soil, allowing rainwater to infiltrate.〔Dixon, R. M. (1995). "Water infiltration control at the soil surface: Theory and practice." ''Journal of Soil and Water Conservation'' 50 (5), 450-453.〕 When ranges and grassland are overgrazed, soil becomes stripped of cover plants. Denuded soil has reduced macroporosity, reducing water infiltration and leading to runoff〔Dixon, R. M. (1990). (Land imprinting for dryland revegetation and restoration ) in ''Environmental restoration: Science and strategies for restoring the Earth'' (ed J. J. Berger), Island Press: Washington, DC.〕 (Figure 2). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Land imprinter」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.